11种国际贸易术语 11 International Trade Terms

11种国际贸易术语

11 International Trade Terms

大家好，我是Arbor。今天我整理了11种贸易术语，这是每个从事国际货物运输的人都必须知道的。

This is Arbor from Austway logistics PTY LTD., ShenZhen, China. Today I have compiled a list of 11 trade terms that everyone involved in the international transport of goods must know.

我看过一些资深货代写的文章，他们对货代工作的评价都不是很好。一是准入门槛低，里面的人鱼龙混杂，一些素质低的人拉低了行业下限。二是工作压力大，工资却不高，因为市场上同行竞争激烈。三是在外资企业或者船公司，能有更好的发展。

I have read some articles written by senior freight forwarders, and their evaluation of freight forwarder work is not very good. First, the entry threshold is low, so some poorly qualified people discredit the business. Second, the work pressure is high, but the salary is not high, because of the fierce competition in the market. Third, if you are in foreign enterprises or shipping companies, you can have better development.

在货代市场，确实很像劣币驱逐良币。就拿贸易术语来说，我们很少全部认全，因为用不上。很多买家和卖家都搞不清楚其中的差别，他们自己协商好谁付运费后，我们只要跟他们做加减法，确认服务然后报价就行。比如，问他们是自己把货送到仓库还是我们去提？要不要运费含税？要不要报关清关？要不要保险？要不要中澳证？等等。

但是梦想还是要有的，如果以后有机会登上更大的平台，这些术语都是必须熟知的。

In the freight forwarding market, it is really like bad money drives out good money. Take trade terms for example, we seldom know all of them because we seldom use them. Even many buyers and sellers are confused about the difference. After they have negotiated who will pay the freight, we just need add or subtract from the service and then quote. For example, will you deliver the goods to the warehouse or should we pick them up? Want the freight to include tax or not? Want customs clearance or not? Want insurance or not? Want COOFTA or not?




注：以下条例解释来自《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》(INCOTERMS 2010)

Attention: The following regulations are explained from INCOTERMS 2010.

一，适用于水上运输方式的贸易术语

1.FAS (Free Alongside Ship) 船边交货

卖方要在合同中约定的日期或者期限内，将货物运到合同规定的装运港口，并交到买方指派的船只旁边，即完成交货义务。另外，卖方要提供商业发票以及合同要求的其他单证。

若买方的船只不能靠岸，驳船费用由卖方承担。

The seller shall deliver the goods to the vessel named by the buyer within the stipulated time limit. In addition, the seller should provide commercial invoice and other documents required by the contract.

If the Buyer's Vessel is unable to dock, the Barge Charges shall be borne by the Seller.

2.FOB (Free on Board) 装运港船上交货

卖方要在合同中约定的日期或者期限内，将货物运到合同规定的装运港口，并交到买方指派的船只的船上，即完成交货义务。另外，卖方要提供商业发票以及合同要求的其他单证。

货物风险划分以装船时的船舷为界。

The seller shall deliver the goods to the vessel’s board named by the buyer within the stipulated time limit. In addition, the seller should provide commercial invoice and other documents required by the contract.

The cargo risks are classified according to the ship's side at the time of loading.




3.CFR (Cost and Freight) 成本加运费

卖方要在合同中约定的日期或者期限内，将货物运到合同规定的装运港口，并交到买方指派的船只的船上，即完成交货义务。另外，卖方要提供商业发票以及合同要求的其他单证。

卖方货物装船后必须及时向买方发出装船通知，以便买方收取货物和办理保险，否则货物损失由卖方负责。

The seller shall deliver the goods to the vessel’s board named by the buyer within the stipulated time limit. In addition, the seller should provide commercial invoice and other documents required by the contract.

The seller must give shipping notice to the buyer in time after loading the goods, so that the buyer can take delivery of the goods and handle insurance, otherwise the seller shall be responsible for the loss of the goods.

4.CIF (Cost Insurance Freight) 成本加运费、保险

卖方要在合同中约定的日期或者期限内，将货物运到合同规定的装运港口，并交到买方指派的船只的船上，即完成交货义务。另外，卖方要提供商业发票以及合同要求的其他单证。

注意此条例为象征性交货：卖方按期完成装运，向买方提交合同规定的包括物权凭证在内的有关单证，就完成了交货义务，无论货运运输中是否毁坏，买方都必须付款。

The seller shall deliver the goods to the vessel’s board named by the buyer within the stipulated time limit. In addition, the seller should provide commercial invoice and other documents required by the contract.

Note that when the seller completes the shipment on schedule and presents to the buyer the relevant documents including the certificate of title as stipulated in the contract, the seller shall have fulfilled the obligation of delivery.




二，适用于各种运输方式的贸易术语

1.EXW (Ex Works) 工厂交货

卖方在合同约定的交货时间内，在商品产地或所在地交货。另外，卖方要提供商业发票以及合同要求的其他单证。

卖方需要协助买方办理出口海关手续，但是货物被禁止出口的风险由买方承担。在11条贸易术语中成交价格最低，对买方很有吸引力。

The seller shall deliver the goods at the origin within the time of the contract. In addition, the seller should provide commercial invoice and other documents required by the contract.

The seller shall assist the buyer to go through the export customs formalities, but the risk of the goods being prohibited from export shall be borne by the buyer. The transaction price is the lowest among the 11 trade terms, which is very attractive to buyers.




2.FCA (Free Carrier) 货交承运人

卖方在合同约定的交货时间内，货物交至买方指定的承运人。另外，卖方要提供商业发票以及合同要求的其他单证。

如果约定地点是卖方所在地，卖方承担装卸费，其他地点则无。卖方可以选择合适的交货地点。

The seller shall deliver the goods to the carrier designated by the buyer within the time of delivery agreed in the contract. In addition, the seller should provide commercial invoice and other documents required by the contract.

If the agreed place is at the Seller's place, the Seller shall pay the handling charges.




3.CPT (Carriage Paid To) 运费付至

卖方在合同约定的交货时间内，货物交至卖方指定的承运人。另外，卖方要提供商业发票以及合同要求的其他单证。

注意卖方支付货至目的地的费用，但是风险在货交承运人时就已经转移。

The seller shall deliver the goods to the carrier designated by the seller within the time of delivery agreed in the contract. In addition, the seller should provide commercial invoice and other documents required by the contract.

Note that the seller pays the cost of the goods to the destination, but the risk is passed on delivery to the carrier.

4.CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To) 运费、保险费付至

卖方在合同约定的交货时间内，货物交至卖方指定的承运人。另外，卖方要提供商业发票以及合同要求的其他单证。卖方承担运费和保险。

注意卖方风险已经在货交承运人时转移，办理的保险属于代办性质。

The seller shall deliver the goods to the carrier designated by the seller within the time of delivery agreed in the contract. In addition, the seller should provide commercial invoice and other documents required by the contract.

Note that the seller's risk has been transferred on delivery of the goods to the carrier and the insurance is on an agency basis.




5. DAT (Delivered At Terminal) 运输终端交货

卖方在合同约定的交货时间内，货物交至合同规定的目的地港口或其他终端，并将货物卸下。另外，卖方要提供商业发票以及合同要求的其他单证。

卖方要支付包括第三国的过境费用，但是不包括进口国的清关费用。运输途中风险卖家自己承担，自行决定是否办理保险。

The seller shall deliver the goods to the port of destination or other terminal stipulated in the contract and discharge the goods within the time of delivery agreed in the contract. In addition, the seller should provide commercial invoice and other documents required by the contract.

The seller shall pay the transit costs including those of the third country, but not the customs clearance costs of the importing country. The risk on the way of transportation is borne by the seller himself, so by his own decision whether to deal with insurance




6.DAP (Delivered At Place) 目的地交货

卖方在合同约定的交货时间内，货物交至合同规定的目的地，卸货前完成交货。另外，卖方要提供商业发票以及合同要求的其他单证。

买方需要支付进口费和卸货费。运输途中风险卖家自己承担，自行决定是否办理保险。

The seller shall deliver the goods to the destination stipulated in the contract within the delivery time stipulated in the contract and complete the delivery before unloading. In addition, the seller should provide commercial invoice and other documents required by the contract.

The buyer has to pay the import charge and the unloading charge. The risk on the way of transportation is borne by the seller himself, so by his own decision whether to deal with insurance

7.DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) 完税后交货

卖方在合同约定的交货时间内，货物交至合同规定的目的地，并且完成进口清关手续。11条贸易术语中，卖方承担风险、责任和费用最大。

The seller shall deliver the goods to the destination specified in the contract and complete the import customs clearance procedures within the time of delivery agreed in the contract. Among the 11 trade terms, the seller bears the greatest risk, liability and cost.