对外经济贸易大学英语学院《357英语翻译基础》历年考研真题

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本书收录了对外经济贸易大学英语学院“357英语翻译基础”历年考研真题（具体参见本书目录），且所有真题均提供参考答案，备考价值尤为珍贵！

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2010年对外经济贸易大学英语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解

Part Ⅰ Terminology and Phrase Translation (30%)

Section One: Translate the following terms into Chinese (10 points).

1. dynamic equivalence

【答案】动态对等查看答案




2. miss the boat

【答案】坐失良机查看答案




3. spill the beans

【答案】泄漏秘密查看答案




4. semiotic dimension

【答案】符号学层次查看答案




5. postscript

【答案】附录，后记查看答案




6. outsourcing

【答案】外包查看答案




7. transliteration

【答案】音译查看答案




8. tit for tat

【答案】以牙还牙查看答案




9. black sheep

【答案】害群之马查看答案




10. over-translation

【答案】过度翻译查看答案




Section Two: Translate following terms into English (10 points).

1. 电子商务

【答案】electronic commerce查看答案




2. 对冲基金

【答案】hedge funds查看答案




3. 次贷危机

【答案】subprime crisis查看答案




4. 山寨手机

【答案】emulational mobile phone查看答案




5. 暗箱操作

【答案】black case work查看答案




6. 本末倒置

【答案】put the cart before the horse查看答案




7. 破釜沉舟

【答案】burn one’s bridges查看答案




8. 网恋

【答案】online love affair查看答案




9. 科学发展观

【答案】Scientific Outlook on Development查看答案




10. 和谐社会

【答案】a harmonious society查看答案




Section Three：Give full forms of the following acronyms and translate them into Chinese (10 points).

1. MOU

【答案】Memorandum of Understanding谅解备忘录查看答案




2. GDP

【答案】Gross Domestic Product国内生产总值查看答案




3. POW

【答案】prisoner of war战俘查看答案




4. CPU

【答案】Central Processing Unit中央处理器查看答案




5. LC

【答案】Library of Congress (美国)国会图书馆查看答案




6. NGO

【答案】Non-Government Organization非政府组织查看答案




7. BBS

【答案】Bulletin Board System电子公告板查看答案




8. LCD

【答案】Liquid Crystal Display液晶显示器查看答案




9. WHO

【答案】World Health Organization (联合国)世界卫生组织查看答案




10. EAP

【答案】Employee Assistance Program员工帮助计划查看答案

Part Ⅱ Passage Translation (120%)

Section One: Translate following English passages into Chinese (60 points).




Globalization is under strain as never before. Everywhere its stresses rumble. Most of sub-Saharan Africa, South America, the Middle East, and Central Asia are mired in stagnation or economic decline. North America, Western Europe, and Japan are bogged down in slow growth and risk renewed recession. War now beckons in Iraq.

For advocates of open markets and free trade this experience poses major challenges. Why is globalization so at risk? Why are its benefits seemingly concentrated in a few locations? Can a more balanced globalization be achieved?

No easy answers to these questions exist. Open markets are necessary for economic growth, but they are hardly sufficient. Some regions of the world have done extremely well from globalization—notably East Asia and China in recent years. Yet some regions have done miserably, especially sub-Saharan Africa.

The truth is that economic performance is determined not only by governance standards, but by geopolitics, geography, and economic structure. Countries with large populations, and hence large internal markets, tend to grow more rapidly than countries with small populations.

Coastal countries tend to outperform landlocked countries. Countries with high levels of malaria tend to endure slower growth than countries with lower levels of malaria. Developing countries that neighbor rich markets, such as Mexico, tend to outperform countries far away from major markets.

These differences matter. If rich countries don’t pay heed to such structural issues, we will find that the gaps between the world’s winners and losers will continue to widen. If rich countries blame unlucky countries—claiming that they are somehow culturally or politically unfit to benefit from globalization—we will create not only deeper pockets of poverty but also deepening unrest. This, in turn, will result in increasing levels of violence, backlash, and yes, terrorism.

【参考译文】

全球化正在经受前所未有的压力。这种压力在世界各地轰轰烈烈地持续着。大部分撒哈拉以南的非洲地区，南美，中东和中亚全都深陷经济停滞或经济衰退的泥潭。北美，西欧和日本陷入缓慢增长的困境，并面临着新一轮的经济衰退。而战争现在正在伊拉克召唤着。

对于那些开放市场和自由贸易的倡导者来说，这钟经历提出了重大的挑战。为何全球化风险这样大？为何它的利益似乎只集中在少数几个地方？更加平衡的全球化能够实现吗？

对这些问题，并没有简单的答案。开放的市场对经济增长来说是必要的，但却很难说是充分的。世界上有些地区，特别是东亚和中国，近些年来从全球化中获益匪浅，而有的地区则遭遇困境，尤其是撒哈拉以南的非洲。

事实是，经济表现不仅取决于管理的标准，还取决于地缘政治，地理位置和经济结构。人口众多的国家拥有巨大的内部市场，往往比人口较少的国家发展速度快。

沿海国家的表现往往优于内陆国家；疟疾肆虐的国家发展速度慢于疟疾罕见的国家；毗邻富裕市场的发展中国家，比如墨西哥，则遥遥领先于远离主要市场的国家。

这些差异非常重要。如果富国不留意这种结构性的问题，我们会发现世界的贫富差距将继续增大。如果富国责怪这些运气不好的国家——声称他们不知为何在文化或政治上不适宜从全球化中受益——我们将不仅制造更深层次的贫困，还将加剧动荡不安，继而导致日趋严重的暴力，反击，以及恐怖主义。




Section Two: Translate the following Chinese passage into English (60 points).




近年来，许多中国出口厂商受到了金融危机的冲击，我们必须采取有效措施来对付这种出口低迷的局面，全方位地开拓国际市场。俗话说：“不能在一棵树上吊死。”在选择新市场时要权衡其风险与机会，并且要反映迅速；要随时跟踪市场变化情况，以便选择有利时机和地点抓紧出口。只有那些富有活力、洞察力和应变力的企业才能在市场景气时大显身手，而在市场萧条时也能站稳脚跟。当某些市场疲软时，总还有另一些市场坚挺，所以能够做到“东方不亮西方亮”。

出口商品必须有一流的品质、款式和包装，但行之有效的广告宣传和促销活动也很重要，尤其要提高用外语针对国外市场进行宣传的能力。赴国外参展、派人员出国推销、在国外建立生产或销售点等等，一定要讲求实效。

【参考译文】

In recent years, many Chinese exporters are adversely affected by the financial crisis. We must take effective measures to deal with this export slump, and to develop international markets in all directions. Just as the saying goes, “do not hang in one tree”, while choosing the new markets, we have to weigh the risks and opportunities and to react rapidly; we also need to keep track of the changes in market in order to select favorable time and place to export. Only those enterprises full of vitality, insight and resilience could flourish in the market and survive even in the depressed market. When some of the markets are weak, there are always other markets that are strong, thus we are able to find another door when one door shuts.

Exports must have first-class quality, style and packaging, but effective advertising and promotional activities are also important, especially the promotion by foreign languages targeted at foreign markets, which demands us to improve our language ability. Also, we must be practical and effective while participating in trade fairs abroad, sending staff abroad for promotion, and establishing factories or sales outlets abroad, etc.

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