【外刊阅读】贸易战？中国出口商扩大了全球市场份额

【本文导读】

这一篇是经典外刊《经济学人》今天刚发来的最新文章。讲的是关税后，中国进出口贸易受到怎么样的影响。按照常理分析，美国最为中国最大的客户，中国的出口应该受到巨大影响，但是实际并非如此。美国在对中国抬高了门槛的时候，中国也找到了新的领域。

这篇文章生词不多，也没有什么复杂的长难句。大家可以读一下增加一下语感，也顺带了解一下贸易战方面的情况。有几个写作好用的词汇和句式我会在微博（九月美语）里面分享。




Life after tariffs

关税后的生活

Trade war? China’s exporters have expanded their global market share

贸易战？中国出口商扩大了全球市场份额

As America raises its walls, Chinese companies find new terrain

当美国加高城墙时，中国公司找到了新的领域

· terrain /tə'ren/ n. 地形，地势，地带

Print edition | Finance and economics

A year ago an economic forecasting unit in the Chinese government published an outlook for the coming year. The big worry, it concluded, was the external environment. Shipments to America, China’s biggest customer,would suffer as the trade war dragged on. China had maxed out its exports to other big countries, and others were too small to make a difference.

· shipment n. 我们熟知的意思是船运、水运，这里是“货物”的意思

· drag on 拖延

一年前，中国政府的一个经济预测部门发表了对未来一年的展望。报告最后说，最大的担心是外部环境。随着贸易战的持续，运往美国（中国最大的客户）的货物将受到影响。中国对其他大国的出口已经达到最大化，而其他国家太小，无法发挥作用。

So China’s boffins are, like many others, surprised by how things have gone. Exports to America are indeed down, by nearly 15% so far this year. But exports to the rest of the world have been much stronger (see chart).China, it turns out, had more to sell to its big customers: exports to Europeare on track to surpass exports to America this year. Meanwhile exports to smaller markets in South-East Asia, such as Vietnam and Malaysia, have boomed.

· boffin /ˈbɑfɪn/ n. <英俚>研究员，技术专家，科学工作者

· on track 步入正轨，走上正轨

· boom v. 激增，繁荣昌盛

所以，和许多其他人一样，中国的研究人员对事情的发展感到惊讶。对美国的出口的确下降的，今年到目前为止下降了近15%。但对世界其他地区的出口却更强劲了（见图表）。事实证明，中国有许多东西可以卖给大客户：今年对欧洲的出口有望超过对美国的出口。与此同时，对越南和马来西亚等东南亚较小市场的出口也在蓬勃发展。

According to data from cpb World Trade Monitor,China’s share of global exports has reached 11.9%, slightly higher than in July 2018, when the first American tariffs hit. Sluggish imports—in part because of a domestics low down—mean the trade surplus is set to be about a quarter bigger in 2019 than in 2018.

· sluggish adj. 萧条的，行动迟缓的

· surplus /'sɝpləs/ n. 过剩，剩余，顺差

根据《世界贸易检测》CPB的数据显示，中国在全球出口中所占份额已经达到了11.9%，略高于2018年7月美国首次征收关税时的水平。在一定程度是由于国内经济放缓导致的疲软意味着2019年的贸易顺差要比2018年增加约四分之一。

One explanation for China’s resilient exports is the yuan’s 6% depreciation against the dollar since the trade war began. That has blunted the tariffs’ impact. China’s currency has also weakened against other major trading partners.

· resilient /rɪ'zɪlɪənt/adj. 弹性的

· depreciation /dɪ,priʃɪ'eʃən/n.贬值，跌价（与之相反的是appreciation增值）

· blunt v. 使减弱，使降低效应

对中国弹性出口的一个解释是，自贸易战爆发以来，人民币对美元贬值了6%。这就削弱了关税带来的影响。人民币对其他主要贸易伙伴的汇率也有所下降。

A second is goods routed through other countries to avoid tariffs. Some sent to South-East Asia have ended up in America. Vietnamese customs officials have stepped up checks of everything from seafood to aluminium to ensure that they are not relabelled Chinese goods. Julian Evans-Pritchard of Capital Economics, a research firm,estimates that American tariffs have cut Chinese gdp growth by about 0.6 percentage points, but that trans-shipments through South-East Asia may have lifted it back up by 0.3 percentage points.

· step up 增加，提升

第二种解释的通过往其他国家的货物来避免关税。一些被发往东南亚的货物最终还是来到了美国。越南海关官员已经加强了从海鲜到铝的所有商品的检查，以确保这些商品不会被重新贴上中国商品的标签。研究公司Capital Economics的Julian Evans Pritchard估计，美国海关使中国国内生产总值增长下降了约0.6个百分点，但通过东南亚的转口运输可能使其回升了0.3个百分点。

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